Secondary containment system using flexible piping

ABSTRACT

A sump riser apparatus for a pipeline system includes a hollow sump base including a upstanding annular portion disposed on an upward surface thereof in surrounding relation to an opening formed in that surface. A hollow detachable riser extension is mounted on the sump base and is of a size and shape, relative to the sump base, such that, when the riser extension is inverted, the riser extension can be received within the sump base for storage therein during transportation of the parts. The riser extension includes a cover and an annular step portion at the base thereof which fits over and around the upstanding annular portion of the sump base. The step portion is of a size and shape relative to the cover so as to enable receipt of the cover therein when the riser extension is inverted.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This is a division of application Ser. No. 07/254,021, filed Oct. 6,1988, now abandoned and a continuation-in-part of copending applicationSer. No. 103,206, now U.S. Pat. No. 4,805,444, filed on Oct. 1, 1987,and entitled "Secondary Containment System", and which, in turn,discloses subject matter closely related to that disclosed inapplication Ser. No. 103,469, now U.S. Pat. No. 4,932,257, also filed onOct. 1, 1987, and entitled "Double Wall Piping System".

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to a secondary containment system forsubterranean piping system used in dispensing of hazardous liquids suchas gasoline, diesel fuel and a wide variety of chemicals.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Subterranean piping system such as are typically found at servicestations are installed and connected to fuel dispensing pumps so as toprovide dispensing of fuels from a fuel storage tank or tanks, usuallyinstalled below ground, to fuel dispensers, which are located aboveground.

Conventionally, such underground piping systems comprise single wallpipes which are connected together on the site using standard straightpipes and associated fittings such as tees, 90° elbows, 45° elbows, andunions.

The underground storage tanks, the associated piping systems, and thefuel dispensers have all been determined to be sources of environmentalpollution, as well as safety hazards because of leakage into thesurrounding earth. Fire, explosions, and pollution of ground water haveoccurred because of these leakages.

With respect to the problem of leakage from underground fuel storagetanks, one solution has been to use double wall tanks, rather thanconventional single wall tanks. Double wall steel tanks and double wallfiberglass tanks which are used to remedy this problem (together with asecondary containment and corrosion protection for the tanks) aredisclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,568,925 (Butts) and 4,672,366 (Butts). Thesecondary containment system disclosed in these patents is applied to aconventional steel tank and creates a unique double wall tank referredto as a "jacketed steel tank". In the event of a leak in the innerprimary tank, the leak is contained in the outer secondary tank. Mostsuch double wall tanks are equipped with a leak detection device forsignalling an alarm, in the event that a leak should occur.

While such tanks provide a partial solution, it has been determined thata substantial percentage of leakage which occurs at a typical servicestation site is due to leakage from the underground piping system.Various attempts have been made to deal with this problem. One approachis to install the piping in a trench line with a fuel imperviousmembrane liner or semi-rigid trough. This technique, if carefullyinstalled, can provide a measure of containment of leakage from thepiping system. However, such an approach does not offer truly effectiveleak detection. In particular, this technique does not permit adetermination of when the leak occurred, or of the pipeline in which theleak is located, or of where in a specific pipeline the leak occurred.With such a system, should a leak occur, it may be required that all ofthe backfill contained within the trench or liner be removed. Further,integrity testing of such a system, by means of air pressure testing, isnot possible. Further, in general, such systems do not provide 360°containment and thus fill with water, thereby eventually becomingineffective.

A further solution to the problem of leakage from piping systemsinvolves the use of fiberglass primary piping from the pump of theunderground storage tank to the above ground fuel dispenser, this pipingbeing encapsulated with an outer secondary fiberglass pipe and withfittings that are installed simultaneously with the primary pipe. Thesecondary pipe is, of necessity, of a larger diameter than the primarypipe so as to enable the secondary pipe to slide over the smallerprimary pipe. The secondary fittings are of a clam shell design adaptedto fit over primary fittings after the primary pipe has been bondedtogether, integrity tested and inspected. Secondary fittings are bondedto the secondary pipe by a combination of nuts and bolts, and throughthe use of fiberglass resins or a fuel resistant sealant. Such asolution does not permit a complete inspection of the entire primarypiping system during an air pressure integrity test. Due to theconstruction and design of this system, the limited componentsavailable, and the bonding techniques used, it is difficult to install asystem of this type which is air pressure testable. Further, thecomponents of this system are expensive to make as well as expensive toinstall.

General considerations, and both present and future regulatoryrequirements for primary piping, dictate that the piping posses a numberof basic characteristics and meet a number of general design criteria.In this regard, the secondary containment system should be of such adesign that the secondary system contains the primary system from thedispenser to the tank including the submersible pump housing and allswing joints. In addition, the secondary containment system should allowfor complete inspection of the primary pipe fittings during an airpressure soap test, before the secondary pipe system is completed.Further, the secondary containment system should be compatible with theproducts to be stored. In addition, the secondary containment systemshould be non-corrosive, dielectric and non-degradable, and should beresistant to attack from microbial growth. Still further, the secondarycontainment system, the materials used therein and the design thereof,should be of sufficient strength to withstand the maximum undergroundburial loads. In addition, the secondary containment fittings should becapable of being installed over the primary fittings after completion,testing and inspection of the primary piping system is complete so as toallow inspection of the primary fittings during such testing. Further,the secondary containment system should have a monitored fuel collectionsump at the low end of the system which provides a fitting for insertionof a continuous monitoring sensor for signaling an alarm should a leakoccur in the primary piping.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In accordance with the present invention, an improved secondarycontainment system is provided for steel and fiberglass primarypipelines. The system of the invention is such that it permits theprimary pipeline to be completely installed, integrity tested andinspected before the secondary containment system is permanently fixedand sealed into position. Once installed, the secondary containmentsystem of the invention performs as an air-tight guttering system,providing containment of the primary pipe from under the dispenser tothe pump for the tank, including all swing joints or flex connectors.Any leak in the primary piping will flow from the high end of thesystem, under the product dispenser, to a collection sump, whichcontains the pump and associated fittings, at the low end of the system.Leakage detection can be accomplished at the collection sump by means ofvisual or electronic monitoring.

In accordance with the present invention, there is provided, in apumping system for fluid products such as gasoline, diesel fuel andchemicals, and including a pump for pumping such products from a storagetank through a primary pipeline to a product dispenser, a secondarycontainment system for the pipeline between the storage pipe and theproduct dispenser which includes a secondary pipe system surrounding theprimary pipeline, the secondary pipe system including telescoping pipesections of different diameters, which is installed around the primarypipeline and which, when installed, is movable from an initial,intermediate position to a final, installed position, for enablingcompletion, testing and inspection of the primary pipeline prior tofinal completion of the secondary containment system.

In accordance with a first embodiment of the invention, the telescopingpipe sections have smooth walls and are a slightly different diameter sothat the outer, larger diameter pipe can telescope or slide freely overthe inner pipes. According to this embodiment, the secondary containmentsystem preferably further comprises a fusion welding wire bond betweenat least two overlapping portions of the telescoping pipe sections. Asdiscussed below, the fittings are split to allow installation thereofover the primary piping and thereafter are joined together at the splitpreferably using fusion rod welding. Thus, this embodiment preferablyemploys fusion rod welding in sealing the splits in fitting, pipeentries into sump-risers and sump-riser connections, and uses fusionwire welding to seal telescoping pipe overlap joints and fitting-pipeoverlap joints.

In accordance with a second embodiment of the invention, the telescopingpipe sections comprise an inner, smooth wall pipe contained within anouter pipe which is of slightly larger diameter so as to permittelescoping thereof over the inner pipe and which is also flexible andincludes "convolutions" or corrugations therein, i.e., alternatingannular portions of different diameters (in the nature of an accordian)so as to permit bending thereof.

In contrast to the first embodiment which, as was mentioned above and isdiscussed in more detail below, uses two types of plastic welding inproviding sealing and connections, the system of the second embodimentdoes not use plastic welding and is preferably connected and sealed byrubber gaskets or compression seals inserted inside an overlap joint,with outside compression advantageously being provided by a stainlesssteel clamp.

With respect to the fittings of the second embodiment, a tee fitting isused which is not split (and thus does not require joining at the split)and which is sized large enough relatively to the tee fitting of theprimary pipe to permit the primary tee to be inserted therein, prior tothe primary tee being permanently connected to the primary pipe. Thesecondary tee fitting is sealed to the smooth wall inner pipe of thetelescoping pipe section preferably by means of rubber gaskets orcompression seals and associated stainless steel clamps, and no plasticwelding at all is required. Further, with respect to 45° and 90° elbowfittings, the convoluted, flexible outer pipe of the telescoping pipesection is used to contain all 45° and 90° primary fittings by simplysliding the flexible pipe around and over these fittings. Accordingly,no separate secondary 45° and 90° elbow fittings are used or required.Regarding the pipe and conduit exits from the sump-risers describedbelow, no welding is required and these exits are preferably sealed bymeans of rubber grommets, and the sump-riser components and sump-riserbase are sealed by means of a rubber U-channel and machine screws asdescribed hereinafter. Thus, it will be seen from the foregoing that inaccordance with the second embodiment, the welded connections of thefirst embodiments are replaced by sealed mechanical connectionspreferably using rubber seals and stainless steel clamps.

In accordance with a further important aspect of the invention, thesecondary containment system preferably comprises an air-test clampassembly for, in use, enabling air pressure testing of the secondarycontainment system incorporating the secondary pipe system. Preferably,this test clamp assembly comprises a fitting member, clamping means forreleasably clamping one end of the fitting member to the exterior of theprimary pipeline and for clamping the other end of the fitting memberexternally of the secondary pipe system, and valve means in the fittingmember for permitting connection of the fitting member to a source ofair under pressure so that such air under pressure can be supplied tothe secondary containment system for testing purposes. Advantageously,the test clamp assembly is affixed to a wall of a unit of the pumpingsystem, such as the collection sump, the wall having a hole thereinthrough which a portion of the primary pipeline extends and the testclamp assembly further comprising a coupling member including a flangeaffixed to the wall and a base portion extending through the wall. Theclamping means preferably comprises a first clamp for clamping the oneend of the fitting member to the exterior of a primary pipeline and asecond clamp for clamping the other end of the fitting to the exteriorof the base portion of the coupling member. Advantageously, the fittingmember is fabricated of a resilient material and comprises first andsecond end portions of different diameters and an intermediate portionin which the valve means is disposed.

According to a further important feature of the invention, the secondarycontainment system preferably comprises leakage monitoring meansincorporated in the secondary containment system for providing anindication of a leak in the primary pipeline. The leakage monitoringmeans preferably comprises a sump fitting having first and secondspaced, aligned end portions through which a portion of the primarypipeline system extends, and a sump portion in which product from a leakcan collect. Advantageously, the sump fitting is cross shaped or teeshaped and includes an upwardly extending observation portion, inalignment with the sump portion, for permitting observation of anyproduct collected in the sump portion.

Typically the primary pipeline will include at least one flexingconnection, such as a swing joint or a flex connector, and in suchcases, the secondary containment system preferably comprises acorrugated flexible pipe in which the flexing connection is containedand clamping means for clamping the flexible pipe in place.

In accordance with a further important feature of the first embodimentof the invention which was mentioned previously, at least one secondaryfitting is provided for connecting together adjacent portions of thesecondary pipe sections of the secondary containment system, thesecondary fitting comprising a split fitting member having a splittherein in the top surface thereof. Advantageously, the ends of thesecondary fitting which define the split are shaped to define a V-groovetherebetween and are joined together by a fusion rod weld as mentionedabove.

In accordance with a further important aspect of the present invention,a method is provided for installing a piping system for fluid productssuch as described above (i.e., one including a pump for pumping theproduct from a storage tank through a primary pipeline to a productdispenser), the method comprising installing a secondary containmentsystem, including telescoping secondary pipes, around the primarypipeline with the telescoping secondary pipes positioned in intermediatepositions along the primary pipeline; testing the primary pipeline withthe telescoping pipes in the intermediate positions thereof; and movingthe telescoping secondary pipes to their final positions so as to enablecompletion of the installation of the secondary containment system.

As noted above, in accordance with the first embodiment of theinvention, the telescoping secondary pipes are preferably fixed in thefinal positions thereof using fusion wire welding, and split secondaryfittings are installed over the primary fittings in the primary pipelineby bending portions of the split fittings adjacent the split backwardlyfrom the split and then installing the fittings over the primaryfittings. Advantageously, the split fittings are joined to adjacent pipesections using fusion wire welding and the portions of the split fittingadjacent to the split are joined together using fusion rod welding.

In accordance with the second embodiment of the invention discussedabove, the flexible section of the telescoping pipe sections is simplybent around an elbow fitting, and compression seals and clamps are usedto connect and seal the various components.

Other features and advantages of the present invention will be set forthin, or apparent from, the detailed description of preferred embodimentsof the invention which follows.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a schematic cross sectional view of an overall pumping systemillustrating one stage in the assembly of the secondary containmentsystem in accordance with a first embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 2 is a view similar to that of FIG. 1 illustrating the pipingsystem with the secondary containment system completely installed;

FIGS. 3a, 3b and 3c are front elevational views of further embodimentsof the collection sump illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2;

FIG. 4a is an exploded cross sectional view of a first embodiment of amounting arrangement for the collection sump;

FIG. 4b is a perspective view of some of the components of theembodiment of FIG. 4a;

FIG. 5a is an exploded cross sectional view of a further embodiment of amounting arrangement for the collection sump of FIGS. 1 and 2;

FIG. 5b is an exploded perspective view of two of the components of theembodiment of FIG. 5a;

FIG. 6a is an exploded cross sectional view of yet another embodiment ofa mounting arrangement for the collection sump of FIGS. 1 and 2;

FIG. 6b is a perspective view of two of the components of the embodimentof FIG. 6a;

FIG. 7 is an exploded cross sectional view of yet a further embodimentof a mounting arrangement for the collection sump of FIG. 1 and 2;

FIG. 8 is a perspective view of the telescoping secondary pipe used inthe piping system of FIGS. 1 and 2;

FIG. 9 is a perspective view of a secondary "tee" fitting constructed inaccordance with a first preferred embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 10 is a perspective view of a 90° elbow fitting constructed inaccordance with a first preferred embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 11 is a perspective view of a 45° elbow fitting constructed inaccordance with a first preferred embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 12 is a side elevational view of a flexible connector constructedin accordance with a first preferred embodiment of the presentinvention;

FIG. 13 is an exploded perspective view of an air test clamp assemblyconstructed in accordance with a first preferred embodiment of thepresent invention;

FIG. 14 is a perspective view of a close-off coupling constructed inaccordance with a first preferred embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 15 is a perspective view of a collection sump fitting constructedin accordance with a first preferred embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 16 is a front elevational view, partially in section, of aplurality of pipes incorporating collection sump fittings correspondingto that illustrated in FIG. 12 and forming a plurality of observationwells;

FIG. 17 is a perspective view of patch material used for sealing aleaking overlap joint;

FIG. 18 is a perspective view illustrating the use of fusion wirewelding in joining pipe sections together;

FIG. 19 is a perspective view illustrating the use of fusion rodwelding;

FIG. 20 is a side elevational view of telescoping secondary pipesections in accordance with a second or further preferred embodiment ofthe invention;

FIG. 21 is a perspective view of a compression seal and clamp used inthe second embodiment;

FIG. 22 is a tee fitting used in the second preferred embodiment;

FIG. 23 is plan view of a schematic representation of three pipelinesshowing different stages in the assembly thereof, in accordance with thesecond preferred embodiment;

FIGS. 24a and 24b are cross sectional views showing two steps in theconnection and sealing of a straight secondary pipe section to aflexible secondary pipe section; and

FIGS. 25a and 25b are cross sectional views showing two steps in theconnection and sealing of a straight secondary pipe section to asecondary tee section.

FIGS. 26a and 26b, 27a and 27b, 28a and 28b, and 29a and 29b are sideelevational and top plan views, respectively, of four differentsump-riser embodiments of the invention.

FIGS. 30 and 32 are perspective views of two different embodiments ofthe invention. FIG. 31 is an expanded side view of the embodiment of theinvention illustrated in FIG. 30.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

Referring to FIGS. 1 and 2 which illustrate the two stages in assemblyof a secondary containment system in accordance with a first embodimentof the present invention in a typical pumping system, the basic integersof the pumping system include a storage tank 10, a portion of which isshown, connected to a submersible pump 12 housed in a collection sump14. The pump is connected through a piping system, generally denoted 16,to a standard product (e.g. gasoline) dispenser 18. Collection sump 14is mounted on tank 10 by a mounting arrangement indicated at 10a. Anumber of possible embodiments of the mounting arrangement forcollection sump 14 are discussed below in connection with FIGS. 4a, 4b;5a, 5b; 6a, 6b; and 7.

Collection sump 14 includes a close-off coupling 20 which is alsoillustrated in FIG. 14 and which houses a riser pipe 22 that provides aconnection between tank 10 and pump 12.

The piping system 16 which interconnects pump 12 and dispenser 18includes a swing joint 24 connected between pump 12 and a straightsection of the primary piping 30. An air test clamp assembly 26 ismounted on a section of pipe 30 within collection sump 14 and cooperateswith a flanged coupling 28 affixed to a wall of collection sump 14, in amanner described below so as to enable air pressure testing of theprimary piping system air test clamp assembly 26 and cooperatingbulkhead coupling 28 are also illustrated in FIG. 13 and are describedin more detail below in connection with the description of that figure.

As will be apparent from the foregoing, a key element of the secondarycontainment system of the present invention is the telescoping secondarypipe which surrounds primary pipeline 30 and which comprises a largerdiameter pipe 32a and a smaller diameter pipe 32b. The telescopingpiping is described in more detail below in connection with FIG. 8.

As illustrated in FIG. 1, the primary pipeline 30 includes a tee fitting30a and a 90° elbow 30b which are used in connecting the primarypipeline to dispenser 18. The primary pipeline 30 terminates in a swingjoint 40 located beneath dispenser 18.

As is also illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2, a collection sump fitting 34 isdisposed between pump 12 and tee fitting 30a (although such collectionsump fittings can be installed anywhere in the system) and asillustrated in FIG. 2, collection sump fittings 34, in combination witha riser pipe 35 and a close-off cap 37, form part of an observation wellused in detecting leaks in the primary pipeline system. Collection sumpfitting 34 is described in more detail below in connection with FIG. 15and FIG. 16.

As illustrated in FIG. 2, a secondary tee fitting 36 is installed aroundprimary tee fitting 30a and a secondary 90° elbow fitting 38 isinstalled around primary 90° elbow fitting 30b. Tee fitting 36 isdescribed in more detail in connection with FIG. 9 and 90° elbow fitting38 is described in more detail in connection with FIG. 10.

As illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2, a flexible connector 42 including areducer coupling 44 is installed around and contains swing joint 40.Connector 42 is described in more detail in connection with FIG. 12.

As illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2, collection sump 14 includes a cover14a, a riser section 14b and a base or body section 14c. Collection sump14 is preferably rotationally molded from a thick high densitypolyethylene and, as illustrated, is located at the low end of thepiping system 16. The purposes of sump 14 include (i) acting to collectleaking product in the system, (ii) permitting access for repair orservicing of the pump 12 or the fittings therefor, and (iii) performingas a riser to keep excavation back fill away from the submersible pump12 and the fittings therefor. The collection sump 14 is provided withflat exit and entry walls (viz. those shown in section in FIGS. 1 and 2)to accomodate the close-off coupling such as that indicated at 20.

Referring to FIG. 3a, 3b and 3c, three further embodiments of thecollection sump of FIGS. 1 and 2 are shown. The embodiment of FIG. 3a issimilar to that of FIGS. 1 and 2 and includes a mounting plate 14d₁.FIGS. 3b and 3c illustrate further embodiments of different sizes andincorporating fewer, but similar components. As is illustrated by FIGS.3a to 3c, collection sumps can be provided in a number of differentshapes and sizes in order to accomodate tanks of various sizes as wellas different piping applications.

Referring to FIGS. 4a and 4b, a first embodiment of a mountingarrangement for mounting the collection sump onto the storage tank 10 isshown. In this embodiment, storage tank 10 is equipped with a manway 46,with associated manway nuts indicated at 48, and a cover 50, and thebase or mounting plate 54 of the collection sump (which corresponds to,for example, base plate 14d₁ of FIG. 3a) is pre-cut and drilled to matchthe bolt hole arrangement of the manway cover 50. To install thismounting, the manway nuts 48 and bolts 60 are removed and a gasket 52,also shown in FIG. 4b, is placed in position over the bolt holes ofmanway cover 50. Thereafter, the pre-cut and drilled collection sumpbase plate 54 is positioned over gasket 52 and a further gasket 56, alsoshown in FIG. 4b, is placed in position inside of the collection sumpbase plate 54. Next, a three piece compression ring 58, also shown inFIG. 4b, is placed over the gasket 56 and the manway nuts 48 and bolts60 are replaced. The remainder of the collection sump components areassembled at a later stage.

Referring to FIGS. 5a and 5b, a further embodiment of the mountingarrangement for collection sump 14 is shown wherein a sump base plate 68(corresponding again, for example, to plate 14d of FIG. 3a, ) is mounteddirectly onto a fitting 62 in the tank 10 by means of a mountingcoupling 64 which is also illustrated in FIG. 5b. In accordance withthis embodiment, installation begins with screwing of a base portion 64aof coupling 64 into fitting 62 and thereafter placing an O-ring 66 intoa groove 64d formed in a flange 64c of coupling 64. Next, a compressionring 70, which is best seen in FIG. 5b, is screwed down onto an upperscrew threaded portion 64d of coupling 64. Again, the remainder of thecomponents of collection sump 14 are then assembled at a later stage.

Referring to FIGS. 6a and 6b, a further embodiment of a mountingarrangement for the collection sump 14 is shown wherein the mountingbase plate 78 for the collection sump (again corresponding, for example,to plate 14d of FIG. 3a) is mounted directly to a riser pipe 74(corresponding to riser pipe 22 of FIGS. 1 and 2). Riser pipe 74 screwsinto a tank fitting 72 (similar to fitting 62 of FIG. 6a) and theinstallation procedure includes drilling a hole in the collection sumpbase plate 78 and inserting a mounting coupling 76 (best shown in FIG.6b), from the bottom, i.e., with flange 76a lowermost. Flange 76a isthen fusion rod welded to the underside of the collection sump baseplate 78 and this combination, together with clamp 80, is slid down overthe riser pipe 22 and the clamp 80 tightened. As before, the remainderof the components of the collection sump are assembled at a later stage.

Referring to FIG. 7, an embodiment of the invention as shown wherein abase portion 88 of the collection sump, (corresponding, for example, tobase portion 14c of FIGS. 1 and 2), is mounted directly on apre-installed saddle 84 in accordance with that provided in U.S. Pat.Nos. 4,568,925 and 4,672,366, referred to above. Saddle 84 surrounds atank fitting 82 of tank 10 and is specifically constructed to accomodatethe body or base portion 88 of the collection sump. A bottom rim 88 ofcollection sump body 88 fits into a pre-formed retaining ring 86 ofsaddle 84 and the collection sump body 88 is fusion rod welded to thesaddle retaining ring 86 to provide water tightness. As with theembodiments above, the remaining components of the collection sump canbe assembled at a later stage.

Referring to FIG. 8, a section of telescoping pipe is shown consistingof an outer, larger diameter pipe section 32a and an inner, smallerdiameter pipe section 32b, also shown in FIGS. 1 and 2. The secondarypiping 32a, 32b is preferrable extruded from high density polyethylenein sizes large enough to fit over the primary piping system 30 with theinner diameter of the outer portion 32a being large enough to containthe outer diameter of inner portions 32b in addition to the addedthickness of the fusion welding wire used in joining the sectionstogether and still provide a slight clearance fit. Both sizes of pipecan be extruded from the same extrusion die by carefully adjusting theextrusion speed for the outer and inner portions 32a and 32b,respectively.

Bonding and sealing of the telescoping pipe sections 32a and 32b isprovided by a welded overlap joint. High density polyethylene cangenerally be effectively bonded by fusion which requires theintroduction of heat at temperatures sufficient to melt the material. Asdescribed in more detail below in connection with FIG. 18, the presentinvention provides for use of a fusion welding wire which can be slippedbetween the overlap joint, in the form of a coil, and supplied withelectric current from a suitable power supply so as to produce heatsufficient to melt the coating on the wire. This coating is made of theparent high density polyethylene material and thus produces a fusionbond at the point of contact. This fusion welding technique produces ahomogeneous weld between the inner pipe section 32b and the outer pipesection 32a at the overlap joint and, as just mentioned, this weldingtechnique is discussed in more detail hereinbelow.

FIGS. 9 and 10 illustrate, respectively, the tee fitting 36, and elbowfitting 38, described above in connection with FIGS. 1 and 2, while FIG.11 discloses a 45° elbow fitting which can be used in other pipelinepatterns or arrangements. Fittings 36, 38 and 90 include correspondingV-shaped grooves 36a, 38a, and 90a, respectively, in the tops of thefittings to allow the fittings to be spread apart and fit over thecorresponding pre-installed primary fitting. The fittings illustrated inFIGS. 9 to 11 are preferably made of high density polyethylene so thatthey are strong but flexible enough for the intended application. Thesefittings are preferably inside molded using a plastic forming processreferred to as "rotational molding" but could also be made using afurther plastic forming process referred to as "plastic injectionmolding". The construction of the fittings of FIGS. 9 to 11 permitsinstallation, testing and inspection of the corresponding primaryfittings before the secondary containment fittings 36, 38 and 90 areinstalled. The split fitting 36, 38 and 90 are bonded and sealed to theouter telescoping pipe 32a using the fusion wire welding techniques usedfor an overlap joint as described above, and as described in more detailin connection with FIG. 18. After these fittings have been fusion wirewelded in place, the V-shaped groove or split in the top of the fittingis fusion rod welded to completely seal the fitting. Fusion wire weldingis described below in connection with FIG. 19.

Referring to FIG. 12, a corrugated flexible pipe section 42corresponding to that shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 is illustrated. The pipesection or connection 42 is preferably rotationally molded of highdensity polyethylene material and has fitted on the upper end thereof, areducer fitting 44 corresponding to that described above. Fitting 44 ispreferably fabricated of neoprene rubber. Steel clamps 42a and 42b areused to close off the secondary containment piping system beneathproduct dispenser 18. The flexibility of connector 42 permitscontainment of a multi-directional swing joint such as that indicated at40 in FIGS. 1 and 2. It will be appreciated that connector 42 can alsobe used in connection with flex connectors. The lower end of connector42a is attached to the outer telescoping secondary containment pipe 32aby means of fusion wire welding.

Referring to FIG. 13, a test clamp assembly 26, and cooperating bulkheadcoupling 28, corresponding to those shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, areillustrated. Flanged coupling 28 is preferably rotationally moulded fromhigh density polyethylene. The clamp assembly 26 basically comprises areducer fitting 26a, preferably fabricated of neoprene rubber; a pair ofdifferent diameter stainless steel clamps 26b and 26c; and an air valvestem 26d formed in reducer fitting 26a. Clamp assembly 26, incooperation with bulkhead coupling 28, is used to seal off the wall ofcollection sump 14 at a location where a contained primary pipe 30exits, as illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2. Once installed, the clampassembly 26 permits the secondary piping system to be filled with air,through the stem valve 26d, so as to permit an air pressure test to beperformed for checking the containment integrity of the piping system.

To install the bulkhead coupling 28, a hole is drilled at the exitlocation in the collection sump wall referred to above and the bulkheadcoupling 28 is inserted with the flange 28a facing outwardly. Flange 28aof bulkhead coupling 28 is then fusion rod welded to the outside wall ofthe collection sump 14. On the inside of the collection sump 14, thereducer fitting 26a of the clamping assembly 26 is slipped over theinwardly projecting portion of the bulkhead coupling 28 and clamped inplace by clamps 26b and 26c. During assembly of the primary piping 30,this piping is installed so as to pass through the test clamp assembly26 and associated coupling 28.

Referring to FIG. 14, a close-off coupling 20 is illustrated whichcorresponds to that shown in FIGS. 1 and 2. Close-off coupling 20 isused for sealing of the wall of the collection sump 14 at a locationwhere a non-contained primary pipe (indicated at 30d in FIG. 2) exitsfrom the collection sump 14. It will be appreciated that such anon-contained pipe can, for example, be a vent line or a vapor recoveryline. To install coupling 20, a hole is drilled at the exit location inthe collection sump wall and the coupling 20 is inserted with the flange20a facing outwardly. The flange 20a is then fusion rod welded to theoutside wall of the collection sump 14. On the inside of the collectionsump 14, coupling 20 is directly clampled to the primary pipe 30d (FIG.2) by means of a stainless steel clamp 20b. Close-off coupling 20 ispreferably made of rotationally molded, high-density polyethelene.

As noted above, in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the presentinvention, the primary piping is installed so as to slope downwardlyfrom the product dispenser 18 to the collection sump 14 so that anyleakage in the primary system will flow to the collection sump.Referring to FIGS. 15 and 16, a cross-shaped sump collection fitting 34,corresponding to that referred to above in connection with FIGS. 1 and2, is shown which is adapted to be installed at any point between theproduct dispenser 18 and the collection sump 14 to enable theapproximate location of a leak to be determined. Collection sump fitting34 includes aligned arms 34a and 34b which are bonded to adjacent pipesections 32a as well as a closed collection sump portion 34c whichextends downwardly, in use, so that the product will collect therein. Anupwardly extending portion 34d is bonded to riser pipe 35 which isclosed off by a neoprene cap 37. With cap 37 removed, one can look downriser pipe 35 into sump portion 34c to determine if there has beenproduct leakage. It will be appreciated that any leakage in the primarypipe between the observation well and the fuel dispenser 18 will flow toand collect in, sump portion 34c.

As illustrated in FIG. 16, where a plurality of pipes are positionedadjacent one another, the collection sump fittings 34, and theirassocated riser pipes 35, are preferably tilted towards the center sothat the corresponding collections sump portions 34c can be observedfrom a central area and can be accomodated underneath the sameobservation manhole.

During installation of the primary piping system 16, the telescopingsecondary pipe sections 32a and 32b are fitted over each straightsection of the primary pipeline 30 and telescoped back away from theprimary fittings 30a and 30b (fittings in FIGS. 1 and 2) so as to notinterfere with the assembly of these fittings in the primary piping 30.The length of the telescoping sections 32a and 32b are slightly greaterthan one-half of the length of the length of straight section of primarypipe 30 between the primary fittings to allow for overlap. Each pipingrun, i.e., each length of pipe between the fittings, should begin andend with an outer telescopic section 32a, with an inner telescopicsection 32b therebetween. The telescoping feature of the secondarycontainment pipe permits the pipe to be shifted back from the assemblyarea of the primary pipe 30 and then shifted back and forth to permitcomplete inspection of the primary pipe 30 (and the primary joints orfittings 30a and 30b) during testing of the primary piping system priorto placing the piping system in service.

Referring to FIG. 17, a "last resort" patch 92 is shown which is used toprovide sealing of a leaking overlap joint. Patch 92 is formed bywrap-around heat shrink material which is wrapped around a leakingoverlap joint. The surface of the material is evenly heated with the hotair and the material will, as a consequence, begin to shrink and tightenaround the joint. Patch 92 includes an adhesive (not shown) on theunderside thereof which softens and fills any pin hole leaks whichexist.

Referring to FIG. 18, an illustration is provided of the use of fusionweld wiring in joining pipe sections together. The piping shown in FIG.18 includes outer pipe sections 32a bonded to a 90° elbow fitting 38 anda telescoping inner pipe section 32b about to be bonded to one of theouter pipe sections 32a after being moved into an overlap position.

The fusion wire used in fusion wire welding comprises a wire ribbon,approximately 1/4 inch in width and 50 mils in thickness. The ribbon ismade up of 24 gauge resistive wire, 70% copper and 30% nickel alloy witha resistance of 0.75 ohms per lineal foot. Preferably four parallelstrands of wire coated with high density polyethelene material,corresponding to that used in fabricating the secondary containment pipeand fittings, are used in a welding operation. The length of the wireribbon is 36 inches with the strip wire ends being connected in such amanner so as to create a single wire circuit with two, 4 inch connectorwires (94a, 94b) being located on the same end. The profile of the wireribbon includes a female and male interlock snap on opposite sides so asto permit the wire ribbon to form a set coil when wrapped around thetelescoping pipe section 32a, 32b. As the wire ribbon is being wrapped,the male (barbed) edge snaps into itself as it meets the female edge soas to permit a tight and stable coil to be formed around the secondarypipe which can then be shifted down the pipe into and between theoverlap joint created by the outer and inner telescoping pipe sections32a and 32b.

The latter is illustrated in FIG. 18 where inner pipe section 32bincludes a coil 94 of fusion wire ribbon wound thereon which is beingmoved in the direction indicated by the arrow into the overlap jointbetween pipe sections 32a and 32b. Once inserted into the overlap joint,with the two connector wires indicated at 934 and 94b extendingoutwardly therefrom, a steel clamp 96 is installed around the outertelescoping pipe 32a directly over the coiled wire ribbon inside theoverlap joint. This is illustrated in FIG. 18 by the overlap jointbetween section 32a and elbow fitting 38. As illustrated, the twoconnector wires or leads 94a and 94b are attached to the terminals 98 ofa terminal block clamp 100. Clamp 100 snaps onto the pipe section 32a soas to prevent movement of the connector wire leads 92a and 92b duringthe fusion welding process. The terminal block clamp 100 is connected tothe fusion power unit (not shown) by a long (e.g. sic foot) cord 102.

By pressing the start button on the fusion power unit, current isdelivered from a 24 volt supply to the fusion welding ribbon of the coil94. The resistance of the ribbon causes the wires to become hot andcreate sufficient heat to produce a fusion bond between the outer andinner telescoping pipe sections 32a and 32b. Advantageously, the fusionpower unit delivers current for a predetermined amount of time afterwhich power is automatically terminated. It will be appreciated thatsuch a fusion welding procedure can also be used at overlap joints wherethe outer telescoping pipe 32a is connected to the various fittings andcouplings referred to above.

Referring to FIG. 19, the fusion rod welding process referred to aboveis illustrated. The process involves the use of a hot air gun, a portionof which is indicated at 104, that is equipped with a nozzle tip 106having a offset receiving shaft portion 108 adapted to receive therein aV-shaped plastic rod 110. The plastic rod 110 is inserted into receivingshaft 108 of nozzle tip 106 where the rod 110 is heated and applied tothe surface area of a joint to be welded. In the illustrated example,flange 28a of a bulkhead coupling 28 is being welded to the wall ofcollection sump 14. The hot air gun 104 reheats the surface of the jointas the semi-melted rod 110 is being laid. This produces a stronghomogeneous weld. Such a fusion rod welding process is used in bondingthe top grooves of the fittings described above as well as around theflange 28a of the bulkhead fitting 28 (as illustrated in FIG. 19) andaround the flange 20a of the close-off fitting 20.

Referring to FIG. 20, there are shown the basic piping components usedin a telescoping pipe section in accordance with a second embodiment ofthe secondary containment system of the invention. The pipingcomponents, which generally correspond to those for the firstembodiment, shown in FIG. 8, include an inner, smooth wall pipe 120contained by or within an outer flexible pipe 122 which is of slightlylarger diameter so as to telescope or slide freely over the smooth innerpipe 120. As illustrated, the flexible outer pipe 122 comprisesalternating portions 122a and 122b of different diameters so that theouter wall thereof is of a corrugated or "convoluted" configuration. Theflexible pipe 122 is preferably made of the same plastic, i.e., highdensity polyethylene (HDPE), as the piping described previously.

Referring to FIG. 21, as mentioned above and as discussed in more detailbelow, the connections between the various components of the secondarycontainment system in accordance with this embodiment of the inventionare mechanical and, in particular employ a rubber compression ring orgasket 124 and an associated stainless steel clamp or the like clampingdevice 126, thereby eliminating the need for any plastic welding. Morespecifically, the system is connected and sealed by rubber gaskets orcompression seals 124 inserted inside of an overlap joint between thecomponents in question, with outside compression being provided by clamp126. Further, outer flexible pipe 122 includes a molded-in coupling atpredetermined intervals therealong (e.g., every 16") for the insertionof a rubber gasket or compression seal sized to fit the inside diameterof the molded in coupling and the outside diameter of inner pipe 120.

A tee fitting in accordance with this embodiment of the invention isshown at 128 in FIG. 22, and is equipped with three clamps 126 and threerubber gaskets (not shown). In contrast to the first embodiment, tee 128is a simple molded plastic fitting and includes no split V-groove. Tee128 is sized large enough to enable the primary tee fitting to beinserted thereinto, prior to the primary tee being connected to theprimary pipe (as discussed above in connection with the firstembodiment), and is sealed to inner telescoping smooth wall pipes(corresponding to pipe 120) by means of a gasket 124 and a clamp 126 asdescribed in more detail below in connection with FIGS. 25a and 25b.Again, no plastic welding is required.

With respect to the other secondary pipeline elbow fittings, there areno 45° or 90° elbow fittings used in the pipeline system of thisembodiment. Instead, the flexible outer pipe 122 of the telescopingpiping is used to contain all 90° or 45° primary fittings by sliding theflexible pipe 122 around and over these fittings.

As will be described hereinafter, other components and fittings of theembodiment are similar to those descirbed above but, as set forthpreviously, use gaskets or compressions seals to connect and seal thesecondary system.

Referring to FIG. 23, a schematic representation is provided of apipeline system including three pipelines 130, 132, and 134 connectedbetween the submersible pumps 136a, 138a and 140b of corresponding tanks136, 138 and 140, and corresponding outlets at two different pumpingislands 142 and 144, showing the different steps or stages in theassembly of the pipeline.

Briefly describing the installation operation, after all sump-risers(corresponding to those discussed above) have been installed, thecutting or sizing of the primary piping, denoted 146 in FIG. 23, begins.The primary piping is cut and dry-fit before cutting and installing ofthe secondary piping. When exiting the sump-riser with contained ornon-contained piping, grommets, indicated schematically at 148, of theappropriate size are used in place the sealing techniques describedabove for the first embodiment.

Test clamps, indicated at 150 in FIG. 23, are installed after assembly(as described above) of the swing joint or flex connector (not shown)coming out of the submersible pump (not shown). The test clamps 150 arepreferably made of rubber and are similar to those described above forthe first embodiment, and use corresponding stainless steel clamps 126(generally corresponding to those shown in FIG. 21) to clamp them inplace. Initially test clamps 150 are installed loosely as shown for pipelines 130 and 132 but, at a later stage of the assembly, are clamped toa straight-run, corresponding to pipe section 120, pipe for sealing-offand air pressure testing of the secondary pipe system. As illustratedfor pipeline 130, the completed primary piping 146 of this exampleincludes 90° elbow fitting 146a, a tee fitting 146b, a 45° elbow fitting146c, and a flex conector 146d.

Turning to the stage two assembly, as shown for secondary tee 128 (whichacorresponds to that shown in FIG. 22), the secondary tees should beinstalled over the primary tees, e.g., over primary tee 146b, prior tothe connection and sealing of the primary tees to the primary pipe. Toinstall secondary tee 128, the compression seals, indicated at 124, areremoved and slid onto primary pipe 146. The primary tee 146b is theninserted into the secondary tee 128 and sealed in place. As noted above,the secondary tees 128 are sized large enough to permit them to beshifted back so as to not interfere with the primary pipe.

If zone observation wells are required, a turned-up tee fitting,indicated at 156, is installed, prior to sealing of the primary piping146, at a suitable location therealong between two sections of straightpipe, denoted 160. At a later stage of assembly, the turned up teefitting 156 is fitted with a section of straight pipe, which is used asa riser, and sealed on top with a simple rubber observation cap.

In installing the secondary telescoping pipe, indicated at 120, 122 thecompression seals described should be inserted into the end couplings ofthe flexible pipe sections for installing the pipe over the primarypiping 146. This is illustrated in FIG. 24a and 24b wherein compressionseal 124 is inserted into a moulded-in coupling 122c at the end offlexible pipe 122. For runs which extend between tees, the runs shouldbegin and end with straight pipe and having the outer flexible pipeinbetween, although in the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 23, simplestraight pipes 158 are used, as mentioned above. For runs between teesand elbows, the runs should begin with the outer flexible pipe (at theelbow) and end with the inner straight pipe (at the tee). For long runs(e.g., in excess of 30') full lengths of telescoping inner straight pipeand outer flexible pipe alternate.

Where crossovers are required in the piping system, as at the 45° elbowfitting 146c, the height of the crossover should accomodate theadditional size of the secondary piping. For crossover with tees, thetelescoping outer flexible pipe should normally be positioned on theprimary pipe so that it may be shifted over 45° elbow fitting andconnected to a short section of the telescoping straight pipe at thetee. For crossovers with 90° fittings, the telescoping piping should becut long enough to extend around the 90° fitting to the adjacent pippingrun.

The secondary piping system terminates, at the dispenser, just under ashear valve 164, using a terminating flex section generally as describedabove for swing joint containment or a section of telescoping flexiblepipe, as indicated at 166 for pipe line 134, for flex connectorcontainment. It is noted that this stage of assembly, i.e., prior toprimary testing, these components need not be installed and may beinstalled, at a later stage of assembly after primary pipe testing, bythe insertion thereof down through the island access opening.

After all secondary components have been installed onto the primarypiping and extended into their final positions to double check thelengths thereof, and to make certain that all other components are intheir proper positions, connection of the primary pipe may begin. Thisbegins with shifting the telescoping pipe 120, 122 and compression seals124 away from all primary pipe and fitting connectors, to avoid adhesivean sealant spills from primary connections. It is noted that thetelescoping pipe 120, 122 can be shifted from side to side over a pipingrun to permit complete primary pipe and fitting inspections.

Turning to the stage three assembly, connection of the secondary pipingcomponents begins after the primary piping has been connected, testedand inspected. At this time, the pre-installed telescoping pipe 122 isextended into the final position thereof. It is noted that a lubricant,e.g., liquid soap and petroleum jelly, is applied to the 90° fittingssuch as fittings 146as to prevent jamming. As illustrated in FIG. 24aand 24b, to connect an outer flexible pipe to a further straight pipesection, the pipe sections should be positioned so that there is aminimum overlap (e.g., 4" in an exemplary embodiment) therebetween (seeFIG. 24b). It is noted that the compression seal 124 inside the flexiblepipe 122 should be pre-installed as discussed above. With the pipespositioned as set forth above, the stainless steel clamp 126 istightened by tightening nut 126a.

To effect sump-riser entry, the telescoping straight pipe located justoutside of the sump/riser is shifted into an opening in grommet 148 andcaused to extend into the sump-riser a predetermined distance(approximately 4" in an exemplary embodiment). The test clamp 150 isthen connected, by tightening the associated clamp, to the end of thestraight pipe of a telescoping section 160, while the other end of thetest clamp 150 is connected to the primary pipe 146.

The connecting tees, corresponding to tee 120 (and to tee 156) areinstalled, as illustrated in FIGS. 25a and 25b, by re-insertingcompression seals 124 in place and then inserting the straight pipe,i.e., a pipe section 120, through the compression seals 124 andtightening down on the nuts 126a and stainless steels clamps 126 e.g.,by using a manual or electric nut driver (not shown). As will be evidentfrom FIGS. 24a, 24b, and 25a, 25b, a variety of compression seals can beused depending on the job, the pipe sizes, and the like.

Regarding connection of the observation wells, as discussed above, theturned up tee fitting 156 is connected to a straight pipe section (notseen in FIG. 23) which serves as a riser and which is sealed at the topusing a rubber observation cap, indicated at 168, to permit futureaccess to the observation well.

The connection of crossovers, and the containment of swing joints andflex connectors should be evident from the description of the secondstage assembly above.

After all secondary pipeline components have been assembled, anair-pressure-soap test may be performed to detect any pinhole leaks. Anyleaks detected at the overlap joints can be eliminated by reassemblingthe overlap joint or simply tightening the clamp down more firmly.Hydrostatic hold testing can also be performed if required wherein wateris added to the secondary pipe system.

The sump-riser of the invention (discussed above, for example, inconnection with FIG. 1) is preferably of one of the configurations shownin FIGS. 26a and 26b, FIGS. 27a and 27b, FIGS. 28a and 28b, or FIGS. 29aand 29b. In general, these sump-risers perform as a collection sump, asa riser for the corresponding tank and as a means for secondarycontainment for the tank's submersible pump, manway and fittings. Asillustrated, the sump-risers, which are respectively denoted 170, 172,174, and 176, are multi-sided to provide flat walls, denoted 170a, 172a,174a and 176a, respectively, for accurate hole drilling for pipe andconduit entry and include vented access lids, denoted 170b, 172b, 174band 176b, to prevent surface water from entering while allowing theescape of any dangerous vapors. The sump-risers are made of a thick highdensity polyethylene material, which provides excellent strength,chemical resistance and soil burial stability and is also easy to workwith in the field. The different sizes and constructions are used toaccommodate the demands of different facilities and environments. Thevarious mounting accessories for mounting these sump-risers to any typeof underground storage tank can be of the types discussed above inconnection with, for example, FIGS. 4a and 4b, 5a and 5b, 6a and 6b and7.

Referring to FIGS. 30 and 31, a further embodiment of the sump-riserapparatus of the invention is shown. As perhaps can best be seen in FIG.31, which is an exploded view, in side elevation, of the sump-risershown in perspective in FIG. 31, the basic components of the sump-riser,which itself is generally denoted 180, comprise a generally cylindricalsump base 182 including a step annual base flange 184 and an uprightannular lip 186 extending upwardly from upper support surface 188 ofsump base 182; an extension riser 190 including a lower annular riserlip 192 which fits over and around lip 186 of sump base 182; a cover194; and an access or observation lid 196.

Riser extension 190 is detachable or removable from sump base 182 whichpermits compact shipping as explained below. Score lines, indicated at198 and typically spaced inch apart, serve as cutting guide lines forheight sizing. The annual lip or step 188 on bottom of riser extension190 provides reinforcement or strengthening of riser extension 190 andalso serves an additional purpose discussed below.

Access cover 194 is a man access cover which prevents surface run wastefrom entering the sump-riser 180 and includes an upstanding annular lip200 which surrounds a central opening 202 (see FIG. 32) in cover 194 andover which observation lid 196 fits. Observation lid 196, when removed,enables general inspection of the inner workings of the sump-riser 180.

As discussed above, rubber seals or grommets are used to seal all pipeconduit entires (not shown in FIGS. 30 and 31) and grommets are used inthis embodiment which enable elimination of the flat sides of theprevious embodiments discussed hereinabove.

An important feature of the embodiment of FIGS. 30 to 32 is that thisembodiment enables compact shipping of the components. In particular, asindicated in FIG. 32, after trimming and cleaning of all of thecomponents, the riser extension 190 is turned upside down and loweredinto sump base 182. The riser lip or step 192 will thus extend above lip186 on sump base 182, as shown in FIG. 32, and in this position servesas receptacle for the cover 194 which is fit therein. With the basiccomponents so assembled, heat shrink tape, indicated at 204, can be usedto seal the components together.

Although the invention has been described relative to exemplaryembodiments thereof, it will be understood by those skilled in the artthat variations and modifications can be effected in these exemplaryembodiments without departing from the scope and spirit of theinvention.

What is claimed is:
 1. A sump-riser apparatus for a pipeline systemincluding a sump housed within said sump-riser apparatus, said apparatuscomprising:a) a hollow sump base including side walls and an uppersurface having an opening therein; b) a generally cylindrical riserextension removably mounted on the upper surface of said sump base insurrounding relationship thereto and including side walls, a loweropening in communication with said opening in said sump base, and anupper opening; c) an access cover, mounted on the top of said riserextension over said upper opening and including an aperture therein, forenabling access to the interior of said sump apparatus; d) an accesslid, mounted on said access cover over said aperture in said cover, forpermitting observation of the interior of said sump apparatus, e) saidsump base includes an upstanding portion surrounding said openingtherein and said riser extension includes a step portion at a lower edgethereof which fits over said upstanding portion.
 2. An apparatus asclaimed in claim 1 wherein said sump base is cylindrical in shape.
 3. Asump-riser apparatus for a pipeline system including a sump housedwithin said sump-riser apparatus, said apparatus comprising:a) a hollowsump base including side walls and an upper surface having an openingtherein; b) a generally cylindrical riser extension removably mounted onthe upper surface of said sump base in surrounding relationship theretoand including side walls, a lower opening in communication with saidopening in said sump base, and an upper opening; c) an access cover,mounted on the top of said riser extension over said upper opening andincluding an aperture therein, for enabling access to the interior ofsaid sump apparatus; d) an access lid, mounted on said access cover oversaid aperture in said cover, for permitting observation of the interiorof said sump apparatus, e) the outer surface of the side walls of saidriser extension include score lines therein for assisting in sizing theriser portion.
 4. An apparatus as claimed in claim 3 wherein the sumpbase is cylindrical in shape.
 5. A sump-riser apparatus for a pipelinesystem, said apparatus comprising a hollow sump base including anupstanding annular portion disposed on an upper surface thereof insurrounding relationship to an opening formed in said surface; a hollowdetachable riser extension mounted on said sump base and of a size andshape, relative to the sump base that, when said riser extension isinverted, said riser extension is receivable within said sump base; anda cover for said riser extension; said riser extension including anannular step portion at the base thereof which fits over and around saidupstanding annular portion of said sump base and which is of a size andshape relative to said cover to enable receipt therewithin of saidcover.
 6. An apparatus as claimed in claim 5 wherein said cover includesan observation opening therein and said apparatus further comprises aremovable lid which fits over said opening.
 7. An apparatus as claimedin claim 5 wherein said sump base and riser extension are cylindrical inshape and said riser extension is open at the bottom and top thereof. 8.An apparatus as claimed in claim 5 wherein the riser extension includesscore lines on the surface thereof for assisting in sizing the riserextension.
 9. A sump-riser apparatus for a pipeline system, saidapparatus comprising:a hollow sump base including side walls and anupper annular wall portion extending inwardly from the top of said sidewalls to define an upper surface having a central opening therein; agenerally cylindrical riser extension removably mounted on the uppersurface defined by the upper wall portion of said sump base insurrounding relationship to said central opening in said upper wallportion and including side walls, a lower opening in communication withsaid central opening and an upper opening; an access cover, mounted onthe top of said extension riser over said upper opening and including anaperture therein, for enabling access to the interior of said sump-riserapparatus; and an access lid, mounted on said access cover over saidaperture in said cover, for permitting observation of the interior ofsaid sump apparatus.
 10. An apparatus as claimed in claim 9 wherein sumpbase includes an upstanding portion surrounding said opening therein andsaid riser extension fits over said upstanding portion.
 11. An apparatusas claimed in claim 10 wherein said riser extension includes a stepportion at the lower edge thereof having an inner diameter greater thanthe outer diameter of said upstanding portion of said sump base, theremainder of said riser extension apart from said step portion having adiameter less than the diameter of said central opening so as to permitthe remaining portion of said riser extension to be received withincentral opening.
 12. An apparatus as claimed in claim 9 wherein theouter surface of the side walls of said riser extension include scorelines therein for assisting in sizing the riser extension.